Viscosity test viscosity denotes the fluid property of bituminous material and it is a measure of resistance to flow. Bitumen vg 3040 60 70 asphalt also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semisolid that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits, it is a substance classed as a pitch. The asphalt institute is the international trade association of petroleum asphalt producers. Specific gravity of bitumendefinition, test and procedure. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Specific gravity specific gravity of bitumen the specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same. The primary use of asphalt is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with. Properties of bitumen modified with waste cooking oil and high density polythylene for applications in flexible pavement. National bitumen emulsion paint is a physically drying emulsified bituminous coating, consisting of a selected grade of top quality bitumen dispersed in an aqueous phase, with chemical surfactants and stabilizers. Different types of bitumen, their properties and uses. Types and grades of bituminous binders penetration grade bitumen cutback bitumen modified bitumen types of modifiers used in bitumen. This procedure covers the determination of the maximum specific gravity gmm of. To understand the performance of the bitumen when it is on service, the design of.
From the weights taken, the specific gravity of bitumen can be found out. After an initial introduction to bitumen and polymer modified bitumen, the book is divided into two parts. Because asphaltenes can irreversibly absorb to the stationary phase, the first step of this procedure is to precipitate the asphaltene fraction with an excess of alkane solvent, commonly either npentane, nhexane, or nheptane. The water bath liquid shall be freshly boiled distilled water when testing materials having softening points below 80 0c and pure glycerin for material having. The specification of bitumen also shows variation with the safety, solubility, physical properties, and the durability. Calculate the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate combination in the paving mixture. Discipline reaction is the much anticipated debut lp from melbourne based postpunk industrial unit bitumen. Also suitable for priming old bitumen solvent free, low viscosity bitumen emulsion with excellent adhesive qualities. The shell bitumen handbook is the authoritative source of information on bitumen use in road pavements around the world.
The functions and methods of bitumen emulsions production. Polymer modified bitumen emulsions pmbes are a special class of bituminous emulsions. Determine the specific gravity of the asphalt cement. The apparatus needed to determine bitumen content are i centrifuge extractor ii miscellaneous bowl, filter paper, balance and commercial benzene. Shell publishes sixth edition of bitumen handbook shell. Bitumen sources natural, petroleum, types, asphalt its constituents, hot mix, cold mix polymers explanation of polymerization types of polymers thermosetting and thermoplastic uses eg dust arrester, soil stabilization, prevent setting of cold asphalt.
Bitumen is a collection of frameworks to help build lightweight web applications in java and other jvm languages. This sixth edition is the biggest update weve ever done. Bituminous binders origins and use of bitumen the distillation process the composition of bitumen bitumen structure the rheology of bitumen behaviour of bitumen viscoelastic properties durability hardening chapter 2. Pdf physical properties of agbabu and yegbata bitumen in. Eximpulse services will provide you the latest and relevant market intelligence reports of bitumen import data you can use this bitumen import data for multiple kinds of analysis. Characteristics and properties of construction materials. The specific gravity of pure bitumen ranges from 0. Bitumina groupguaranteesthat the bitumen grade 6070 it supplies under its offers is produced in compliance to and is in conformity to aashto m2070 and astm 946 d946m and meets the following specification requirements. They will be able to see all of the information about th e contract, but will not be able to change the data. What is the specific gravity of bitumen various petroleum products with specific gravity different pitch. This provides the requirement of the bitumen to satisfy solubility property.
This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. Viscosity denotes the fluid property of the bituminous material and it is a measure of resistance to flow. Materials that have a lower specific gravity are lower boiling point thus one of the first applications of this parameter has been using it for the distillation of crude oil. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials. What is the specific gravity of bitumen and what are the. Test specific gravity of bitumen 4050 6070 and 80100. I am confident that you will feel that this is a worthy addition to your asphalt book shelf. Assemble the apparatus with the rings, thermometer and ball guides in position fill the bath to a height of 50mm above the upper surface of the rings with the freshly boiled distilled water or pure glycerin at a temperature of 5 0c.
In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Grouptype characterization of crude oil and bitumen. The density of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 80100 is greatly influenced by its chemical composition. Protect the sample from dust and allow it to cool in atmosphere at a temperature between 15 to 30 0c for 112 to 2hours for 45mm deep container and 1 to 112 hours for 35mm deep container. You may be able to use the network, if it is available. This was named as unics in 1970, and later change into unix. There are several ways to determine the specific gravity of asphalt on all these methods, is archimedes law. A good polymer modification depends on the characteristics of the bitumen and bitumen, the polymer used for the purpose of modification, the polymer modified bitumen production conditions.
Different types of bituminous emulsions are used in many different applications in the modern construction industries. Stir it thoroughly until it is homogeneous and free from air bubbles and water. Apparatus specific gravity bottle of 50 ml capacity, ordinary capillary type with 6 mm diameter neck or wide mouthed capillary type bottle with 25 mm. Bitumen 3040 is used in specialized applications like airport runways and also in very heavy traffic volume roads in coastal cities in the country. Bitumen content this test is done to determine the bitumen content as per astm 2172. Bitumen 3040 this is the hardest of all the grades and can withstand very heavy traffic loads. Generally speaking, the lower the api gi of a petroleum, the higher will be its asphalt content, and the lower its content of volatile phases like gasoline and kerosene. Industrial grade bitumen is also known as blown bitumen. The shell bitumen handbook explores the very latest technical trends within the industry. C documents and settings gary complete healthmonitor 2. Among the methods available for determining the density of asphalt is. Grading of bitumen by suraj kumar linkedin slideshare. Specific gravity of bitumen recommended values the specific gravity of pure bitumen ranges from 0.
The many different uses of bituminous emulsions include the following examples. The specific gravity of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 8000 is defined as the ratio of mass of given volume of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 8000 of known content to the mass of equal volume of water at 270c. In the equation above, g s denotes the specific gravity of the fluid at atmospheric pressure 14. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen ring andball apparatus1 this standard is issued under the. The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in semi solid or solid state.
Standard test method for softening point of bitumen ringand. Definition softening point is the temperature at which the substance attains a particular degree of softening under specified conditions of test. Determining specific gravity of bitumen civil engineering. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials1 this standard is issued under the. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of bituminous substances by rodney edgerton cox a dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy major subject. Exp 9 specific gravity of bitumen civil engineers pk.
For priming of old pavement before applying a new layer of asphalt or concrete. The table2, shows the cutback specifications based on bs 3690. The standard tar viscometer is used to test the standard viscosity. Pdf properties of bitumen modified with waste cooking. The handbook is authored by shells team of bitumen experts, led by john read, general manager of bitumen technology. This free standing document was recorded at magnet studios in coburg, and produced by the band with the help of alexander anglias the faculty, ill globo the phantom fifth member, and realised with the guidance of peter bramley. Contents aboutthe principal authors xii foreword xiv acknowledgements xv chapter 1 introduction 1 1. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to.
Increase in aromatic type mineral impurities cause an increase in specific gravity. The grade of bitumen used for pavement construction work of roads and airfields are. By definition, the specific gravity of bitumen, the tartoweight ratio of a certain volume of water volume at a given temperature. The specific gravity of bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 8000 varies from 0. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the bituminous material to the mass of an equal volume of water, the temperature of both being specified as 27 0 c. Chapters in part one focus on the preparation and properties of a range of polymer modified bitumen, including polymer bitumen emulsions, modification of bitumen with poly urethanes, waste rubber and plastic and polypropylene fibres. The shell bitumen handbook this new edition reflects many of the very significant advances which have taken place in the period since the last edition was published. The api gravity index of a given fluid is determined by the following formula.
Bitumen sources natural, petroleum, types, asphalt its constituents, hot mix, cold mix polymers explanation of polymerization types of polymers thermosetting and thermoplastic uses eg dust arrester, soil stabilization, prevent setting of cold asphalt 2. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. How to test specific gravity of bitumen atdm co ltd. Test results showed that the specific gravity for the bitumen sampleswas 1. Pour the melt in to the container to a depth of at least 10mm in excess of the expected penetration. Specific gravity api specific gravity chart calculations of specific gravity specific gravity test of bitumen aggregate specific gravity test at what temperature t0 does the specific heat of the free electrons become larger than the specific at what temperature t0 does the specific heat of the free electrons become larger than the specific. Specific gravity of bitumen definition, test and procedure steps for the determination may, 2018 august 21, 2019 readcivil 0 comments the specific gravity of bitumen is also a must needed test you need to do while your pavement construction. Apr 30, 2017 specific gravity of bituminous material is defined as ratio of mass of given volume of substance to the equal volume of water, temperature of both being 27c. The specific gravity of pure bitumen normally extends from 0.
Shell has been at the forefront of bitumen technology for over a hundred years, and continues to lead in global research and development. The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in the semisolid or solid state. Gravimetric adsorption chromatography was the earliest version of approaches developed for sara separation jewell et al. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of. The api gi is thus inversely related to the specific gravity of the material. This is obtained by blowing air into hot bitumen at high temperatures normally beyond 180 0c. The characteristics of this grade confirm to that of s 35 grade of is731992. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen ring. Download pdf 1 chapter 2 in polymer modified bitumen, t. There are different types of bitumen available with different properties, specifications and uses based on requirements of consuming industry. Bituminous binders for road construction and maintenance. The ability of the program to create two and three dimensional effects makes it fun to use.
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